UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2018

OR

For the transition period from               to               

Commission file number: 001-38418

COCRYSTAL PHARMA, INC.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

(786)-459-1831

(Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code)

1860 Montreal Road, Tucker GA 30084

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes [X] No [  ]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (Sec.232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes [X] No [  ]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” “smaller reporting company”, and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. [  ]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes [  ] No [X]

As of November 6, 2018, the number of outstanding shares of the registrant’s common stock, par value $0.001 per share, was 29,923,076.

COCRYSTAL PHARMA, INC.

FORM 10-Q FOR THE QUARTER ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2018

INDEX

Part I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

COCRYSTAL PHARMA, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(in thousands)

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements

COCRYSTAL PHARMA, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

(unaudited)

(in thousands, except per share data)

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements

COCRYSTAL PHARMA, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(unaudited)

(in thousands)

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements

COCRYSTAL PHARMA, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(unaudited)

(in thousands)

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements

Cocrystal Pharma, Inc.

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(unaudited)

(in thousands, except per share data)

Note 1- Organization and Significant Accounting Policies

Overview

Cocrystal Pharma, Inc. (“the Company”) has been developing novel technologies and approaches to create first-in-class and best-in-class antiviral drug candidates since its initial funding in 2008. Our focus is to pursue the development and commercialization of broad-spectrum antiviral drug candidates that will transform the treatment and prophylaxis of viral diseases in humans. By concentrating our research and development efforts on viral replication inhibitors, we plan to leverage our infrastructure and expertise in these areas.

The Company was formerly incorporated in Nevada under the name Biozone Pharmaceuticals, Inc. On January 2, 2014, Biozone Pharmaceuticals, Inc. sold substantially all of its assets to MusclePharm Corporation (“MusclePharm”), and, on the same day, merged with Cocrystal Discovery, Inc. in a transaction accounted for as a reverse merger. Following the merger, the Company assumed Cocrystal Discovery, Inc.’s business plan and operations. On March 18, 2014, the Company reincorporated in Delaware under the name Cocrystal Pharma, Inc.

Effective November 25, 2014, Cocrystal Pharma, Inc. and affiliated entities completed a series of merger transactions as a result of which Cocrystal Pharma, Inc. merged with RFS Pharma, LLC, a Georgia limited liability company (“RFS Pharma”). We refer to the surviving entity of this merger as “Cocrystal” or the “Company.”

Cocrystal is a biotechnology company that develops novel medicines for use in the treatment of human viral diseases. Cocrystal has developed proprietary structure-based drug design technology and antiviral nucleoside chemistry to create antiviral drug candidates. Our focus is to pursue the development and commercialization of broad-spectrum antiviral drug candidates that will transform the treatment and prophylaxis of hepatitis C, influenza, and norovirus. By concentrating our research and development efforts on viral replication inhibitors, we plan to leverage our infrastructure and expertise in these areas.

The Company’s activities since inception have consisted principally of acquiring product and technology rights, raising capital, and performing research and development. Successful completion of the Company’s development programs, obtaining regulatory approvals of its products and, ultimately, the attainment of profitable operations is dependent on future events, including, among other things, its ability to access potential markets, secure financing, develop a customer base, attract, retain and motivate qualified personnel, and develop strategic alliances. Through September 30, 2018, the Company has primarily funded its operations through equity offerings.

The Company’s historical operating results indicate substantial doubt exists related to the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. As of September 30, 2018, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $142,805. During the three and nine month period ended September 30, 2018, the Company had a loss from operations of $2,419 and $6,621, respectively. Cash used in operating activities was approximately $6,320 for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. The Company has not yet established an ongoing source of revenue sufficient to cover its operating costs and allow it to continue as a going concern. The ability of the Company to continue as a going concern is dependent on the Company obtaining adequate capital to fund operating losses until it becomes profitable. The Company can give no assurances that any additional capital that it is able to obtain, if any, will be sufficient to meet its needs, or that any such financing will be obtainable on acceptable terms. If the Company is unable to obtain adequate capital, it could be forced to cease operations or substantially curtail its drug development activities. The Company expects to continue to incur substantial operating losses and negative cash flows from operations over the next several years during its pre-clinical and clinical development phases.

In July 2018, the Company entered into an Equity Distribution Agreement (the “Distribution Agreement”) with Ladenburg Thalmann & Co. Inc. (“Ladenburg”), Barrington Research Associates, Inc. (“Barrington”), and AGP (AGP, Ladenburg and Barrington, together the “Sales Agents”), pursuant to which and at the Company’s sole discretion, may issue and sell over time and from time to time, to or through the Sales Agents, up to $10,000,000 of shares of the Company’s common stock. As of the filing date of this report, we have not sold any shares of common stock under the Distribution Agreement. Ladenburg has a “conflict of interest” within the meaning of Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”) Rule 5121(f)(5)(B) in this offering because Dr. Phillip Frost beneficially owns more than 10% of our common equity and more than 10% of the common equity of Ladenburg’s parent, Ladenburg Thalmann Financial Services, Inc. Dr. Frost is also a director of the Company and until September 2018 was chairman of the board of Ladenburg Thalmann Financial Services, Inc. Due to this conflict of interest, Barrington Research acted as a “qualified independent underwriter” in accordance with FINRA Rule 5121. The Sales Agents will use commercially reasonable efforts to sell on our behalf all of the shares requested to be sold by the Company, consistent with their normal trading and sales practices, subject to the terms of the Distribution Agreement.

On January 18, 2018, the Board of Directors of the Company filed an amendment (the “Amendment”) with the Delaware Secretary of State to affect a one-for-thirty reverse split (the “Reverse Stock Split”) of the Company’s class of Common Stock. The Amendment took effect on January 24, 2018. The Reverse Stock Split did not change the authorized number of shares of Common Stock. Pursuant to the terms of the Company’s previously outstanding convertible notes (See Note 3 - Convertible Notes Payable), its options and warrants have been proportionately adjusted to reflect the Reverse Stock Split, and, pursuant to their terms, a proportionate adjustment was made to the per share exercise price and number of shares issuable under all of the Company’s outstanding stock options, convertible notes and warrants to Common Stock, and the number of shares reserved for issuance pursuant to the Company’s equity compensation plans have been reduced proportionately.

All per share amounts and number of shares in the consolidated financial statements and related notes have been retroactively restated to reflect the Reverse Stock Split.

Segments

The Company operates in only one segment. Management uses cash flow as the primary measure to manage its business and does not segment its business for internal reporting or decision-making.

Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared pursuant to the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Certain information and footnote disclosures, normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”), have been condensed or omitted pursuant to those rules and regulations. We believe disclosures made are adequate to make the information presented not misleading. In the opinion of management, all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments necessary to fairly state the financial position, results of operations and cash flows with respect to the interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been included. The results of operations for the interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations for the entire fiscal year. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Reference is made to the audited annual financial statements of Cocrystal Pharma, Inc. included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 filed on March 21, 2018 (“Annual Report”), which contain information useful to understanding the Company’s business and financial statement presentations. The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2017 was derived from the Company’s most recent audited financial statements, but does not include all disclosures required by GAAP for a year-end balance sheet. Our significant accounting policies and practices are presented in Note 2 to the financial statements included in the Form 10-K.

Use of Estimates

Preparation of the financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of expenses during the reporting period. We continually evaluate estimates used in the preparation of the condensed consolidated financial statements for reasonableness. Appropriate adjustments, if any, to the estimates used are made prospectively based upon such periodic evaluation. The significant areas of estimation include determining the deferred tax valuation allowance, estimating accrued clinical expenses, the inputs in determining the fair value of the in-process research and development (“IPR&D”) and goodwill as part of the annual impairment analysis, the inputs in determining the fair value of equity-based awards and warrants issued as well as the values ascribed to assets acquired and liabilities assumed in business combinations. Actual results may differ from estimates made.

Concentrations of Credit Risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to significant concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash. The Company maintains deposits in federally insured financial institutions in excess of federally insured limits. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts and believes it is not exposed to significant risk on its cash.

Risks and Uncertainties

The Company’s future results of operations involve a number of risks and uncertainties. Factors that could affect the Company’s future operating results and cause actual results to vary materially from expectations include, but are not limited to, rapid technological change, regulatory approvals, competition from current treatments and therapies and larger companies, protection of proprietary technology, strategic relationships and dependence on key individuals.

Products developed by the Company will require approvals from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (the “FDA”) and other international regulatory agencies prior to commercial sales in their respective markets. The Company’s products may not receive the necessary clearances and if they are denied clearance, clearance is delayed or the Company is unable to maintain clearance, the Company’s business could be materially adversely impacted.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment, which consists of lab equipment, computer equipment, and office equipment, are stated at cost and depreciated over the estimated useful lives of the assets (three to five years) using the straight-line method.

Goodwill and In-Process Research and Development

The Company’s intangible assets determined to have indefinite useful lives including in-process research and development (“IPR&D”) and goodwill, are tested for impairment annually, or more frequently if events or circumstances indicate that the assets might be impaired. Such circumstances could include but are not limited to: (1) a significant adverse change in legal factors or in business climate, (2) unanticipated competition, or (3) an adverse action or assessment by a regulator.

Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired in a business combination. IPR&D acquired in a business combination is capitalized as an intangible asset and tested for impairment at least annually until commercialization, after which time the IPR&D is amortized over its estimated useful life.

The Company has established November 30^th as the date for its annual impairment test of goodwill and IPR&D, unless indicators of impairment exist at interim periods.

The impairment test of goodwill requires us to compare the estimated fair value of the reporting unit to its carrying value. If the carrying value of the reporting unit is lower than its estimated fair value, no further evaluation is required. If the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds its estimated fair value, an impairment charge is recorded for that excess, limited to the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit.

The indefinite-life intangible asset impairment test consists of a comparison of the fair value of the indefinite-life intangible asset with its carrying amount. If the carrying amount exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to that excess. If the fair value exceeds its carrying amount, the indefinite-life intangible asset is not considered impaired.

As of September 30, 2018, the Company had a goodwill of $65,000. The Company’s last annual impairment assessment was on November 30, 2017. During the third quarter ended September 30, 2018, the Company performed quantitative assessment of the goodwill in conjunction with the quarterly review for indicators of impairment. The decline in the Company’s market capitalization during the quarter ended September 30, 2018 was identified as an indicator of possible impairment. We estimated the fair value of the reporting unit by weighting results from the market approach and the income approach. Significant assumptions inherent in the valuation methodologies for goodwill are employed and include, but are not limited to, prospective financial information, growth rates, terminal value, discount rates, and comparable multiples from publicly traded companies in our industry. Based on management’s assessment, the Company’s fair market value exceeded its book value by approximately 3% as of September 30, 2018. As a result, the Company concluded that its goodwill was not impaired as of September 30, 2018.

The Company’s market capitalization has continued to decline subsequent to September 30, 2018. The Company will conduct its annual impairment assessment on November 30, 2018 to assess whether the deterioration in the Company’s market capitalization leads to the Company’s fair market value being lower than its book value resulting in a potential impairment of its goodwill in the last quarter of 2018.

Long-Lived Assets

The Company regularly reviews the carrying value and estimated lives of all of its long-lived assets, including property and equipment, to determine whether indicators of impairment may exist, which warrant adjustments to the carrying values or estimated useful lives. The determinants used for this evaluation include management’s estimate of the asset’s ability to generate positive income from operations and positive cash flow in future periods as well as the strategic significance of the assets to the Company’s business objective. Should an impairment exist, the impairment loss would be measured based on the excess of the carrying amount over the asset’s fair value.

Mortgage Note Receivable

As discussed in Note 8 – Mortgage Note Receivable, the Company’s mortgage note receivable was collected in full during the three months ended March 31, 2018.

The Company recorded its mortgage note receivable at the amount advanced to the borrower, which included the stated principal amount and certain loan origination and commitment fees that are recognized over the term of the mortgage note. Interest income was accrued as earned over the term of the mortgage note. The Company evaluated the collectability of both interest and principal of the note to determine whether it is impaired. The note would have been considered to be impaired if, based on current information and events, the Company determined that it was probable that it would be unable to collect all amounts due according to the existing contractual terms. Upon determination that the note was impaired, the amount of loss would have been calculated by comparing the recorded investment to the value determined by discounting the expected future cash flows at the note’s effective interest rate or to the fair value of the Company’s interest in the underlying collateral, less the cost to sell.

Research and Development Expenses

All research and development costs are expensed as incurred.

Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes under the asset and liability method. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on differences between financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities and are measured using enacted tax rates and laws that are expected to be in effect when the differences are expected to be recovered or settled. Realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon future taxable income. A valuation allowance is recognized if it is more likely than not that some portion or all of a deferred tax asset will not be realized based on the weight of available evidence, including expected future earnings. The Company recognizes an uncertain tax position in its financial statements when it concludes that a tax position is more likely than not to be sustained upon examination based solely on its technical merits. Only after a tax position passes the first step of recognition will measurement be required. Under the measurement step, the tax benefit is measured as the largest amount of benefit that is more likely than not to be realized upon effective settlement. This is determined on a cumulative probability basis. The full impact of any change in recognition or measurement is reflected in the period in which such change occurs. The Company elects to accrue any interest or penalties related to income taxes as part of its income tax expense.

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company recognizes compensation expense using a fair-value-based method for costs related to stock-based payments, including stock options. The fair value of options awarded to employees is measured on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model and is recognized as expense over the requisite service period on a straight-line basis.

Use of the Black-Scholes option pricing model requires the input of subjective assumptions including expected volatility, expected term, and a risk-free interest rate. The Company estimates volatility using a blend of its own historical stock price volatility as well as that of market comparable entities since the Company’s common stock has limited trading history and limited observable volatility of its own. The expected term of the options is estimated by using the Securities and Exchange Commission Staff Bulletin No. 107’s Simplified Method for Estimate Expected Term. The risk-free interest rate is estimated using comparable published federal funds rates.

Convertible Notes Payable

The Company accounts for convertible notes payable (when it has determined that the embedded conversion options should not be bifurcated from their host instruments) in accordance with ASC 470-20, Debt with Conversion and Other Options. Accordingly, the Company records, when necessary, discounts to convertible notes payable for the intrinsic value of conversion options embedded in debt instruments based upon the differences between the fair value of the underlying common stock at the commitment date of the note transaction and the effective conversion price embedded in the note. Debt discounts under these arrangements are amortized over the term of the related debt to their earliest date of redemption. The Company determined that the embedded conversion options in its previously issued convertible notes payable do not meet the definition of a derivative liability.

Common Stock Purchase Warrants and Other Derivative Financial Instruments

We classify as equity any contracts that require physical settlement or net-share settlement or provide us a choice of net-cash settlement or settlement in our own shares (physical settlement or net-share settlement) provided that such contracts are indexed to our own stock as defined in ASC 815-40, Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity. We classify as assets or liabilities any contracts that require net-cash settlement (including a requirement to net cash settle the contract if an event occurs and if that event is outside our control) or give the counterparty a choice of net-cash settlement or settlement in shares (physical settlement or net-share settlement). We assess classification of our common stock purchase warrants and other freestanding derivatives at each reporting date to determine whether a change in classification between assets and liabilities is required.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). ASU 2016-02 impacts any entity that enters into a lease with some specified scope exceptions. This new standard establishes a right-of-use (ROU) model that requires a lessee to record a ROU asset and a lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases with terms longer than 12 months. Leases will be classified as either finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern of expense recognition in the statement of operations. The guidance updates and supersedes Topic 840, Leases. For public entities, ASU 2016-02 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods with those years, beginning after December 15, 2018, and early adoption is permitted. A modified retrospective transition approach is required for leases existing at, or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements, with certain practical expedients available. The Company will adopt this ASU on January 1, 2019, and expects to adopt the new guidance using the transition method that allows entities to initially apply the new standard as of the date of adoption and recognize a cumulative effect adjustment to the opening balance of accumulated deficit as of that date. In addition, the Company expects to utilize the package of practical expedients that allows entities to retain the classification of lease contracts existing as of the date of the adoption. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of this accounting standard.

In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash (“ASU No. 2016-18”). The guidance requires that an explanation is included in the cash flow statement of the change in the total of (1) cash, (2) cash equivalents, and (3) restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents. The ASU also clarifies that transfers between cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents should not be reported as cash flow activities and requires the nature of the restrictions on cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents to be disclosed. For public companies, the standard will take effect for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2017 with earlier application permitted. We early adopted ASU 2016-18 at December 31, 2017 and disclosure revisions have been made for the years presented on the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. All prior periods have been adjusted.

In March 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-05, Income Taxes (Topic 740), Amendments to SEC Paragraphs Pursuant to SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118. The amendments in this Update add various Securities and Exchange Commissions (“SEC”) paragraphs pursuant to the issuance of SEC Accounting Bulleting No. 118, Income Tax Accounting Implications of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“Act”) (“SAB 118”). The SEC issued SAB 118 of the Act in the period of enactment. SAB 118 allows disclosure that timely determination of some or all of the income tax effects from the Act are incomplete by the due date of the financial statements and if possible provide a reasonable estimate. The Company has provided a reasonable estimate in the notes to the consolidated financial statements. See Note 9 - Income Taxes.

In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-07, Compensation – Stock Compensation: Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting (Topic 718). The guidance in ASU 2018-07 simplifies the accounting for nonemployee share-based payment transactions by expanding the scope of ASC Topic 718, Compensation – Stock Compensation, to include share-based payment transactions for acquiring goods and services from nonemployees. Under the new guidance, most of the guidance on stock compensation payments to nonemployees would be aligned with the requirements for share-based payments granted to employees. The guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of this accounting standard. The Company does not expect the adoption of this standard will have a material impact to its consolidated financial statements.

Note 2 – Fair Value Measurements

FASB Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 820 defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value under generally accepted accounting principles and enhances disclosures about fair value measurements. Fair value is defined under ASC 820 as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Valuation techniques used to measure fair value under ASC 820 must maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. The standard describes a fair value hierarchy based on three levels of inputs, of which the first two are considered observable and the last unobservable, that may be used to measure fair value which are the following:

The Company categorizes its cash as Level 1 fair value measurements. The Company categorizes its warrants potentially settleable in cash as Level 3 fair value measurements. The warrants potentially settleable in cash are measured at fair value on a recurring basis and are being marked to fair value at each reporting date until they are completely settled or meet the requirements to be accounted for as component of stockholders’ equity. The warrants are valued using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model as discussed in Note 5 - Warrants.

The following table presents a summary of fair values of assets and liabilities that are re-measured at fair value at each balance sheet date as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, and their placement within the fair value hierarchy as discussed above:

The Company has not transferred any financial instruments into or out of Level 3 classification during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 or 2017. A reconciliation of the beginning and ending Level 3 liabilities for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 is as follows (in thousands):

Note 3 – Convertible Notes Payable

On November 24, 2017, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement with two accredited investors, including the Company’s Chairman of the Board, pursuant to which the Company sold an aggregate principal amount of $1,000, of its 8% convertible notes (“Nov 2017 Notes”) due on November 24, 2019. At the option of the Purchaser, the Nov 2017 Notes were convertible at $8.10 per share. In the event the Company completed a financing in which the Company receives at least $10,000 in gross proceeds and issued common stock or common stock equivalents to the investor (a “Financing”) or there is a change of control of the Company (or sale of substantially all of the Company’s assets), the outstanding principal amount of the Nov 2017 Notes would automatically convert. Upon the closing of a Financing, the conversion price of the Nov 2017 Notes shall be the lesser of (i) $8.10 per share or (ii) the price per share of the securities sold in the Financing.

On January 31, 2018, the Company, entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (the “SPA”) with OPKO Health, Inc. (the “Purchaser”), a related party, pursuant to which the Company borrowed $1,000 from the Purchaser in exchange for issuing the Purchaser an 8% Convertible Note (the “Note”) due January 31, 2020. At the option of the Purchaser, the Note was convertible at $8.10 per share. In the event the Company completed a financing in which the Company receives at least $10,000 in gross proceeds and issues common stock or common stock equivalents to the investor (a “Financing”) or there is a change of control of the Company (or sale of substantially all of the Company’s assets), the outstanding principal amount of the Note would automatically convert. Upon the closing of a Financing, the conversion price of the Note shall be the lesser of (i) $8.10 per share and (ii) the price per share of the securities sold in the Financing.

The Company evaluated the embedded conversion features within the above convertible notes under ASC 815-15 and ASC 815-40 to determine if they required bifurcation as a derivative instrument. The Company determined the embedded conversion features do not meet the definition of a derivative liability, and therefore, do not require bifurcation from the host instrument. In addition, the down-round provision under which the conversion price could be affected by future equity offerings, qualified for a scope exception from derivative accounting with the Company’s early adoption of ASU 2017-11, Simplifying Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments with Characteristics of Liabilities and Equity, during the year ended December 31, 2017. Since the embedded conversion features were not considered derivatives, the convertible notes were accounted for accordance with ASC 470-20, Debt with Conversion and Other Options.

Although the gross proceeds in the recent public offering were $8,000, in May 2018, the Company issued a total of 1,085,105 shares of common stock upon conversion of all of the outstanding 8% convertible notes payable at $1.90 per share, which was the offering price in our recently closed public offering. The number of shares was based on the aggregate amount of the principal and accrued interest of $2,062 as of the date of the conversion. The conversion was approved by disinterested members of our Board of Directors.

Note 4 – Stockholders’ equity

The Company has authorized up to 100 million shares of common stock at September 30, 2018, $0.001 par value per share, and had 29,923,076 shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2018.

On August 6, 2018, the Company held its 2018 Annual Meeting of Shareholders and voted to reduce the number of shares of common stock, $0.001 par value per share, authorized from 800 million to 100 million shares.

On May 21, 2018, the Company issued a total of 1,085,105 of common stock upon conversion of all of our outstanding 8% convertible notes. See Note 3 - Convertible Notes Payable.

On May 3, 2018, the Company closed a public offering for gross proceeds and net proceeds of approximately $8,000 and $7,684, respectively. The Company sold 4,210,527 shares of common stock to the underwriter at approximately $1.767 per share, which the underwriter sold to the public at $1.90 per share, and issued the underwriter a warrant to purchase 84,211 shares of common stock at $2.09 per share over a four year period beginning October 27, 2018. On May 14, 2018, the underwriter exercised the option to purchase an additional 225,000 shares of common stock solely to cover overallotments. As of September 30, 2018, the underwriter has no further option to purchase additional shares.

On January 18, 2018, the Board of Directors of the Company filed an amendment (the “Amendment”) with the Delaware Secretary of State to effect a one-for-thirty reverse split of the Company’s class of Common Stock. The Amendment took effect on January 24, 2018. No fractional shares will be issued or distributed as a result of the Amendment. There was no change in the par value of our common stock.

Shares of common stock authorized for future issuance are as follows as of September 30, 2018 (in thousands):

Note 5 – Warrants

The following is a summary of activity in the number of warrants outstanding to purchase the Company’s common stock for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 (in thousands):

Warrants consist of warrants potentially settleable in cash, which are liability-classified warrants, and equity-classified warrants.

Warrants classified as liabilities

Liability-classified warrants consist of warrants issued in connection with equity financings in October 2013 and January 2014. The outstanding warrants are potentially settleable in cash and were determined not to be indexed to the Company’s own stock and are therefore accounted for as liabilities.

The estimated fair value of outstanding warrants accounted for as liabilities is determined at each balance sheet date. Any decrease or increase in the estimated fair value of the warrant liability since the most recent balance sheet date is recorded in the consolidated statement of comprehensive loss as changes in fair value of derivative liabilities. The fair value of the warrants classified as liabilities is estimated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following inputs as of September 30, 2018:

The Company’s expected volatility is based on a combination of the Company’s own historical volatility and the implied volatilities of similar publicly traded entities given that the Company has limited history of its own observable stock price. The expected life assumption is based on the remaining contractual terms of the warrants. The risk-free rate is based on the zero coupon rates in effect at the balance sheet date. The dividend yield used in the pricing model is zero, because the Company has no present intention to pay cash dividends.

Warrants classified as equity

Warrants that were recorded in equity at fair value upon issuance, and are not reported as liabilities on the balance sheet, are included in the above table which shows all warrants.

Note 6 – Stock-based compensation

The Company recorded approximately $120 and $332 of stock-based compensation related to employee stock options for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and $142 and $409 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively. As of September 30, 2018, there was $2,163 of unrecognized compensation cost related to outstanding options that is expected to be recognized as a component of the Company’s operating expenses over a weighted average period of 2.4 years.

As of September 30, 2018, an aggregate of 2,239,000 shares of common stock were reserved for issuance under the Company’s 2007 Equity Incentive Plan (the “Prior Plan”) and the Company’s 2015 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2015 Plan” and together with the Prior Plan, the “Plans”), including 1,351,000 shares subject to outstanding stock options granted under the Plans and 888,000 shares available for future grants under the 2015 Plan. The administrator of the Plans determines the times when an option may become exercisable at the time of grant. Vesting periods of options granted to date have not exceeded five years. The options generally will expire, unless previously exercised, no later than ten years from the grant date. The Company is using unissued shares for all shares issued for options and restricted share awards.

The following schedule presents activity in the Company’s outstanding stock options for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 (in thousands, except per share amounts):

As of September 30, 2018, options to purchase 1,351,000 shares of common stock, with no aggregate intrinsic value, were outstanding that were fully vested or expected to vest with a weighted average remaining contractual term of 7.6 years. The aggregate intrinsic value of outstanding and exercisable options at September 30, 2018 was calculated based on the closing price of the Company’s common stock as reported on the Nasdaq Capital Markets on September 30, 2018 of $2.50 per share less the exercise price of the options. The aggregate intrinsic value is calculated based on the positive difference between the closing fair market value of the Company’s common stock and the exercise price of the underlying options.

Note 7 – Net Loss per Share

The Company accounts for and discloses net loss per common share in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 260, Earnings Per Share. Basic net loss per common share is computed by dividing net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding. Diluted net loss per common share is computed by dividing net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares that would have been outstanding during the period assuming the issuance of common shares for all potential dilutive common shares outstanding. Potential common shares consist of shares issuable upon the exercise of stock options and warrants. Because the inclusion of potential common shares would be anti-dilutive for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, diluted net loss per common share is the same as basic net loss per common share for these two periods.

The following table sets forth the number of potential common shares excluded from the calculations of net loss per diluted share because their inclusion would be anti-dilutive (in thousands):

Note 8 - Mortgage Note Receivable

In June 2014, the Company acquired a mortgage note from a bank for $2,626 which was collateralized by, among other things, the underlying real estate and related improvements. The property subject to the mortgage was owned by an entity managed by Daniel Fisher, one of the founders of Biozone, the property was also under lease to MusclePharm. The mortgage note had a maturity date of August 1, 2032 and bears an interest rate of 7.24%.

Shortly thereafter in 2014, Daniel Fisher and his affiliate, 580 Garcia Properties LLC (the primary obligor of the note), brought multiple lawsuits against the Company involving its predecessors and subsidiaries. The lawsuits were later settled and the complaints dismissed, without the Company making any payments to either Mr. Fisher or 580 Garcia Properties LLC. At the time of the note’s acquisition, 580 Garcia Properties LLC was delinquent in its obligation to make monthly payments. In December 2015, the Company proceeded in accordance with rights of a secured real estate creditor under California law, to initiate private foreclosure proceedings. During 2017, the court enjoined the Company from proceeding with the foreclosure sale pending further developments in the litigation.

In February 2018, the Company, Daniel Fisher, and 580 Garcia Properties LLC resolved all outstanding claims and disputes. As part of this settlement, the Company received a payment of $1,400 in exchange for the release of the aforementioned note and deed of trust.

Note 9 – Income Taxes

Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the estimated future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities and are measured using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. A valuation allowance is provided for the amount of deferred tax assets that, based on available evidence, are not expected to be realized.

In December 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the “Act”) was signed into law making significant changes to the Internal revenue Code including a permanent reduction to the US corporate statutory rate from 35% to 21% effective for tax years beginning after December 31, 2017. In accordance with ASU 2018-05 and SAB 118, the Company recognized the provisional tax impacts to the re-measurement of our deferred tax assets and liabilities during the year ended December 31, 2017. As of September 30, 2018, we have not made any additional measurement-period adjustments related to these items. Such adjustments may be necessary in future periods due to, among other things, the significant complexity of the Act and anticipated actions the Company may take as a result of the Act. We are continuing to gather information and assess the application of the Act and expect to complete our analysis with the filing of our 2017 income tax returns.

As a result of the Company’s cumulative losses, management has concluded that a full valuation allowance against the Company’s net deferred tax assets is appropriate, except for the indefinite-life deferred tax assets related to net operating losses (NOLs) that do not expire amounting to $1,459 as of September 30, 2018. The Company has recorded a net deferred tax liability of $12,123 as of September 30, 2018 and $13,582 December 31, 2017, which is related to acquired in-process research and development considered to be an indefinite-lived intangible.

The Company’s effective income benefit tax rate was 23.41% and 0.00% for the nine-months ended September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017, respectively. The primary driver of the effective tax rate is the valuation allowance offsetting the Company’s net deferred tax assets.

Management assesses its deferred tax assets quarterly to determine whether all or any portion of the asset is more likely than not unrealizable under ASC 740. The Company is required to establish a valuation allowance for any portion of the asset that management concludes is more likely than not to be unrealizable. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. The Company’s assessment considers all evidence, both positive and negative, including the nature, frequency and severity of any current and cumulative losses, taxable income in carryback years, the scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities, tax planning strategies, and projected future taxable income in making this assessment.

FASB ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes (“ASC 740”), prescribes a recognition threshold and a measurement criterion for the financial statement recognition and measurement of tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. For those benefits to be recognized, a tax position must be considered more likely than not to be sustained upon examination by taxing authorities. The Company records interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions as a component of the provision for income taxes. As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company had no gross unrecognized tax benefits.

The Company currently files income tax returns in the United States federal and various state jurisdictions. The Company is not currently under examination in any jurisdiction.

Note 10 – Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments

Cocrystal Pharma has an exclusive license from Emory University for use of certain inventions and technology related to inhibitors of hepatitis C virus that were jointly developed by Emory and Cocrystal Pharma employees. The License Agreement is dated March 7, 2013 wherein Emory agrees to add to the Licensed Patents and Licensed Technology Emory’s rights to any patent, patent application, invention, or technology application that is based on technology disclosed within three (3) years of March 7, 2013. The agreement includes payments due to Emory ranging from $40 to $500 based on successful achievement of certain drug development milestones. Additionally, Cocrystal may have royalty payments at 3.5% of net sales due to Emory with a minimum in year one of $25 and increase to $400 in year five upon product commercialization. One of Cocrystal’s Directors, Dr. Raymond Schinazi, is also a faculty member at Emory University.

In the ordinary course of business, the Company enters into non-cancelable operating leases for its facilities, including related party leases. See Note 11 - Transactions with Related Parties. The future minimum lease payments under non-cancelable operating leases as of September 30, 2018 are as follows:

Litigations

From time to time, the Company is a party to, or otherwise involved in, legal proceedings arising in the normal course of business. As of the date of this report, except as described below, the Company is not aware of any proceedings, threatened or pending, against it which, if determined adversely, would have a material effect on its business, results of operations, cash flows or financial position.

In November 2017, Lee Pederson (Pederson), a former Biozone Pharmaceuticals, Inc. lawyer, filed a lawsuit in Minnesota against co-defendants the Company, Phillip Frost, OPKO Heath, Inc. and Brian Keller for various allegations. On July 11, 2018, the United States Magistrate Judge issued a Report and Recommendation to the United States (US) District Court Judge, that Pederson’s complaint against the Company and co-defendants, be dismissed without prejudice, for lack of personal jurisdiction. On July 16, 2018, Pederson filed an objection to the Report and Recommendation and the Company filed a response to Pederson’s Objection on July 30, 2018. On September 13, 2018, the US District Court Judge granted the Company and co-defendant’s motion to dismiss Pederson’s amended complaint. Subsequent to September 30, 2018, Pederson has filed a notice of appeal with the US Court of Appeals for the Eight Circuit on October 11, 2018. Management believes that this complaint is without merit and will be dismissed without monetary damages.

On September 20, 2018, Anthony Pepe, individually and on behalf of a class, filed with the U.S. District Court for the District of New Jersey a complaint against the Company, certain current and former executive officers and directors of the Company and the other defendants named therein for violation of Section 10(b) of the Exchange Act and Rule 10b-5 promulgated thereunder. The class consists of the persons and entities who purchased the Company’s common stock during the period from September 23, 2013 through September 7, 2018. Pepe also alleges violation of other sections of the Exchange Act by the defendants named in the complaint other than the Company. Pepe seeks damages, pre-judgment and post-judgment interest, reasonable attorneys’ fees, expert fees and other costs. Management cannot assess the potential impact of this complaint as of the reporting date.

Note 11 - Transactions with Related Parties

Since November 2014, the Company has leased its Tucker, Georgia facility from a limited liability company owned by one of Cocrystal’s directors and principal shareholder, Dr. Raymond Schinazi. Currently, this facility is being leased on a month-to-month basis. On an annualized basis, rent expense for this location would be approximately $44. The total rent expense was $22 and $133 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and $51 and $162 for the three and nine months ended 2017, respectively.

In September 2018, the Company leased administrative offices from a limited liability company owned by one of Cocrystal’s directors and principal shareholder, Dr. Phillip Frost. The lease term is three years with an optional three-year extension. On an annualized basis, rent expense for this location would be approximately $47. The total rent expense was $4 and $4 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018.

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Overview

Cocrystal is a biotechnology company working to develop novel medicines for use in the treatment of human viral diseases. Cocrystal has developed a proprietary structure-based drug design technology platform and antiviral nucleoside chemistry to create first-in-class and best-in-class antiviral drug candidates. Our focus is to pursue the development and commercialization of broad-spectrum antiviral drug candidates that will transform the treatment and prophylaxis of diseases caused by hepatitis C virus, influenza virus and norovirus. By concentrating our research and development efforts on viral replication inhibitors, we plan to leverage our infrastructure and expertise in these areas.

Highlights

During the last nine months, the Company focused its research and development efforts primarily in three areas:

Results of Operations for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 compared to the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017

Research and Development Expense

Research and development expense consist primarily of compensation-related costs for our employees dedicated to research and development activities and for our Scientific Advisory Board members, as well as lab supplies, lab services, and facilities and equipment costs.

Total research and development expenses were approximately $1,467,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2018, compared with $1,393,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2017. The increase of $74,000, or 5.3%, was due to the timing of Phase 2a clinical trials costs in 2018.

Total research and development expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 were $3,464,000, compared with $4,718,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. The decrease of $1,254,000 or 26.6%, was the result of reduced cost and timing of clinical trials activity.

General and Administrative Expense

General and administrative expense includes compensation-related costs for our employees dedicated to general and administrative activities, legal fees, audit and tax fees, consultants and professional services, and general corporate expenses.

General and administrative expenses were $952,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2018, compared with $717,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2017. The increase of $235,000 was primarily due to professional fees associated with our annual meeting and continued listing requirements.

General and administrative expenses were approximately $3,157,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, compared with $1,712,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. The increase of $1,445,000 was primarily due to lower 2017 expense that resulted from reductions which included an $896,000 insurance reimbursement of prior legal costs and a $132,000 non-cash reversal of stock compensation expense related to unvested options for executives that left the Company.

Interest Income/(Expense)

Interest expense was $0.00 and $55,000 for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively. Interest expense was $2,000 and $1,000 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively. The interest amounts represent interest incurred on convertible notes (see Note 3) which were converted to common stock in May 2018. Interest income was negligible for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017. The key objectives of our investment policy are to preserve principal and ensure sufficient liquidity, so our invested cash may not earn as high a level of income as longer-term or higher risk securities, which generally have less liquidity and more volatility.

Other Income/(Expense)

Change in the fair value of derivative liabilities for the three months ended September 30, 2018 was $129,000 compared to ($148,000) for the three months ended September 30, 2017. Change in fair value of derivative liabilities for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 was $410,000 compared to $621,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. In accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles, we record other income or expense based upon the computed change in fair value of our outstanding warrants that are accounted for as liabilities. The fair value of our outstanding warrants is inversely related to the fair value of the underlying common stock; as such, an increase in the price of our common stock during a given period generally results in other expense. Conversely, a decrease in the price of our common stock generally results in other income, which is what occurred during both periods.

The Company also recognized a gain of $106,000 on the disposal of its mortgage note during the nine months ended September 30, 2018. The Company resolved all outstanding claims and disputes with 580 Garcia Properties, LLC. In exchange, the Company received $1,400,000 on February 9, 2018 from a third party. At December 31, 2017, the mortgage note receivable balance was $1,294,000 resulting in the aforementioned gain.

Income Taxes

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, we recognized an income tax benefit of $483,000 and $1,459,000, respectively. No income tax benefit or expense was recognized for the three and nine-months ended September 30, 2017.

As a result of the Company’s cumulative losses, management has concluded that a full valuation allowance against the Company’s net deferred tax assets is appropriate, except for the indefinite-life deferred tax assets related to net operating losses (NOLs) that do not expire amounting to $1,459,000 as of September 30, 2018. The Company has recorded a net deferred tax liability of $12,123,000 as of September 30, 2018 and $13,582,000 December 31, 2017, which is related to acquired in-process research and development considered to be an indefinite-lived intangible.

Net Loss

As a result of the above factors, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, we had a net loss of approximately $1,868,000 and $4,762,000 compared to a net loss of approximately $2,260,000 and $5,810,000 for the same periods in 2017.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Net cash used in operating activities was approximately $6,320,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to $5,323,000 for the same period in 2017.

Net cash provided by investing activities was $1,387,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to $52,000 net cash used by investing activities for the same period in 2017. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, net cash provided by investing activities primarily consists of the proceeds from the sale of the mortgage note asset for 1,400,000. For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, net cash used for investing activities consist primarily of capital spending of $40,000 and payment of a long-term deposit of $12,000.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, cash provided by financing activities totaled $8,869,000. Our 2018 financing activities included $7,681,000 net proceeds from the issuance of common stock and warrants, $1,000,000 in proceeds from the issuance of convertible notes and $185,000 in proceeds from the exercise of stock options. Net cash provided by financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 amounted to approximately $3,000,000 in proceeds from issuance of common stock and $80,000 in proceeds from the exercise of stock options.

We have a history of operating losses as we have focused our efforts on raising capital and research and development activities. The Company’s consolidated financial statements are prepared using generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America applicable to a going concern, which contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. The Company has never been profitable, has no products approved for sale, has not generated any revenues to date from product sales, and has incurred significant operating losses and negative operating cash flows since inception.

For the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company recorded a net loss of approximately $613,000 and used approximately $6,903,000 of cash in operating activities. The Company has not yet established an ongoing source of revenue sufficient to cover its operating costs and allow it to continue as a going concern. We believe that we do not have sufficient funds for planned operations over the next 12 months. The ability of the Company to continue as a going concern is dependent on the Company obtaining adequate capital to fund operating losses until it becomes profitable. If the Company is unable to obtain adequate capital, it could be forced to cease operations or substantially curtail its drug development activities. The accompanying financial statements do not include any adjustments relating to the recoverability and classification of recorded asset amounts and the classification of liabilities should the Company be unable to continue as a going concern.

On May 3, 2018, the Company closed a public offering for gross proceeds and net proceeds of approximately $8 million and $7.7 million, respectively. The Company sold 4,210,527 shares of common stock to the underwriter at approximately $1.767 per share which the underwriter sold to the public at $1.90 per share and issued the underwriter a warrant to purchase 84,211 shares of common stock at $2.09 per share over a four year period beginning October 27, 2018. On May 14, 2018 the underwriter exercised the option to purchase an additional 225,000 shares of common stock solely to cover overallotments. As of September 30, 2018, the underwriter has no further option to purchase additional shares.

In July 2018, the Company entered into an Equity Distribution Agreement (the “Distribution Agreement”) with Ladenburg Thalmann & Co. Inc. (“Ladenburg”), Barrington Research Associates, Inc. (“Barrington”), and AGP (AGP, Ladenburg and Barrington, together the “Sales Agents”), pursuant to which and at the Company’s sole discretion, may issue and sell over time and from time to time, to or through the Sales Agents, up to $10,000,000 of shares of the Company’s common stock. As of the filing date of this report, we have not sold any shares of common stock under the Distribution Agreement. Ladenburg has a “conflict of interest” within the meaning of Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”) Rule 5121(f)(5)(B) in this offering because Dr. Phillip Frost beneficially owns more than 10% of our common equity and more than 10% of the common equity of Ladenburg’s parent, Ladenburg Thalmann Financial Services, Inc. Dr. Frost is also a director of the Company and until September 2018 was chairman of the board of Ladenburg Thalmann Financial Services, Inc. Due to this conflict of interest, Barrington Research acted as a “qualified independent underwriter” in accordance with FINRA Rule 5121. The Sales Agents will use commercially reasonable efforts to sell on our behalf all of the shares requested to be sold by the Company, consistent with their normal trading and sales practices, subject to the terms of the Distribution Agreement.

As the Company continues to incur losses, achieving profitability is dependent upon the successful development, approval and commercialization of its product candidates, and achieving a level of revenues adequate to support the Company’s cost structure. The Company may never achieve profitability, and unless and until it does, the Company will continue to need to raise additional capital. The Company does not have sufficient capital to meet its working capital needs for the next 12 months. Management intends to fund future operations through additional private or public equity offering and may seek additional capital through arrangements with strategic partners or from other sources. There can be no assurances, however, that additional funding will be available on terms acceptable to the Company, or at all. Any equity financing may be very dilutive to existing shareholders.

Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations

Other Potential Contractual Obligations

Cocrystal Pharma has an exclusive license from Emory University for use of certain inventions and technology related to inhibitors of hepatitis C virus that were jointly developed by Emory and Cocrystal Pharma employees. The License Agreement is dated March 7, 2013 wherein Emory agrees to add to the Licensed Patents and Licensed Technology Emory’s rights to any patent, patent application, invention, or technology application that is based on technology disclosed within three (3) years of March 7, 2013. The agreement includes payments due to Emory ranging from $40,000 to $500,000 based on successful achievement of certain drug development milestones. Additionally, Cocrystal may have royalty payments at 3.5% of net sales due to Emory with a minimum in year one of $25,000 and increase to $400,000 in year five upon product commercialization. One of Cocrystal’s Directors, Dr. Raymond Schinazi, is also a faculty member at Emory University.

Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This report includes forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, including statements regarding the focus and future progress of our drug development activities, expected timing of topline data, and liquidity. The words “believe,” “may,” “estimate,” “continue,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “should,” “plan,” “could,” “target,” “potential,” “is likely,” “will,” “expect” and similar expressions, as they relate to us, are intended to identify forward-looking statements. We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about future events and financial trends that we believe may affect our financial condition, results of operations, business strategy and financial needs.

The results anticipated by any or all of these forward-looking statements might not occur. Important factors that could cause actual results to differ from those in the forward-looking statements include unexpected adverse events affecting our ability to sell common stock under the Distribution Agreement or raise capital in another way, the condition of the capital markets in general and for bio pharma companies in particular, unanticipated events which adversely affect the timing and success of our regulatory filings, failure to develop products which are deemed safe and effective and other issues which affect our ability to commercialize our product candidates. Further information on our risk factors is contained in our filings with the SEC, including our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 and the prospectus supplement dated July 19, 2018. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as the result of new information, future events or otherwise.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

In our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017, we disclosed our critical accounting policies and estimates upon which our financial statements are derived.

As of September 30, 2018, the Company had a goodwill of $65,000,000. The Company’s last annual impairment assessment was on November 30, 2017. During the quarter ended September 30, 2018, the Company performed quantitative assessment of the goodwill in conjunction with the quarterly review for indicators of impairment. The decline in the Company’s market capitalization during the quarter was identified as an indicator of possible impairment. We estimated the fair value of the reporting unit by weighting results from the market approach and the income approach. Significant assumptions inherent in the valuation methodologies for goodwill are employed and include, but are not limited to, prospective financial information, growth rates, terminal value, discount rates, and comparable multiples from publicly traded companies in our industry. Based on management’s assessment, the Company’s fair market value exceeded its book value as of September 30, 2018. As a result, the Company concluded that its goodwill was not impaired as of September 30, 2018.

The Company’s market capitalization has continued to decline subsequent to September 30, 2018. The Company will conduct its annual impairment assessment on November 30, 2018 to assess whether the deterioration in the Company’s market capitalization leads to the Company’s fair market value being lower than its book value resulting in a potential impairment of its goodwill in the last quarter of 2018.

Readers are encouraged to review these disclosures in conjunction with the review of this report.

ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

There has been no material change in our assessment of sensitivity to market risk since our presentation set forth in Item 7A “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017.

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, with the participation of our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of September 30, 2018. We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate, to allow for timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Our management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Based on such evaluation, management concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of September 30, 2018 as a result of the material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting described below in the “Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting”.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

As previously disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017, we concluded there were material weaknesses in the design and operating effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act. During our assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2017, our management concluded that our Company has the following material weaknesses in internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2017:

Risk Assessment and Control Activities - Financial Reporting Process

We did not maintain an effective financial reporting process to prepare financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Specifically, the process lacked timely and documented financial statement reviews of information included in the financial statements and procedures to ensure all required disclosures were made in the financial statements.

This material weakness could result in a material misstatement to the Company’s annual or interim financial statements that would not be prevented or detected.

Control Activities - Preparation and Review of Manual Account Reconciliations

Our design and maintenance of controls in the period-end financial reporting process, specifically the execution of controls over the preparation, analysis and review of account reconciliations, were ineffective. These control deficiencies resulted in adjustments to the 2017 consolidated financial statements related to stock-based compensation and the fair value of warrant liabilities.

This material weakness could result in a material misstatement to the Company’s annual or interim financial statements that would not be prevented or detected.

Remedial Actions to Address Material Weaknesses

With the oversight of senior management and our audit committee, we took additional measures to remediate the underlying causes of the material weaknesses. During the year ended December 31, 2017 and the nine months ended September 30, 2018, we worked with a third-party consultant to assist our management team in addressing the underlying cause of the material weaknesses primarily through the documentation of improved processes and documented procedures which were designed and implemented by our management team.

Management is actively implementing a remediation plan to ensure that control deficiencies contributing to the material weakness are remediated such that these controls will operate effectively. Our efforts have focused on strengthening our finance organization and designing a suite of controls with respect to our stock-based compensation related processes and financial close processes, as well as implementing procedures to determine that related party transactions are appropriately authorized, identified, and disclosed in our financial statements. The activities listed above are consistent with the remediation plan as reported in Item 9A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017. During the year ended December 31, 2017 and the nine months ended September 30, 2018, we have taken and expect to take the following remediation actions:

(i) the implementation of additional review procedures designed to enhance the control owner’s execution of controls activities, including entity level controls, through the implementation of improved documentation standards evidencing execution of these controls, oversight, and training;

(ii) improvement of the control activities and procedures associated with the review of complex accounting areas, including proper segregation of duties and assigning personnel with the appropriate experience as preparers and reviewers over analyses relating to such accounting areas;

(iii) educating and re-training control owners regarding internal control processes to mitigate identified risks and maintaining adequate documentation to evidence the effective design and operation of such processes; and

(iv) implementing enhanced controls to monitor the effectiveness of the underlying business process controls that are dependent on the data and financial reports generated from the relevant information systems.

As discussed above, during 2017, our Board of Directors appointed a new Chief Financial Officer to assist in designing the implementation and execution of controls to prevent and detect control deficiencies. In order to consider this material weakness to be fully remediated, we believe that additional time is needed to incorporate all controls and processes as it relates to our internal control over financial reporting.

We believe that these actions, and the improvements we expect to achieve as a result, will effectively remediate the material weaknesses identified in 2017. However, the material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting will not be considered remediated until the remediated controls operate for a sufficient period of time and management has concluded, through testing, that these controls are operating effectively. We expect that the remediation of these material weaknesses will be completed in November 2018.

PART II — OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

From time to time, the Company is a party to, or otherwise involved in, legal proceedings arising in the normal course of business. During the three months ended September 30, 2018, there were no material developments to our previously reported legal proceedings except the following:

In November 2017, Lee Pederson (Pederson), a former Biozone Pharmaceuticals, Inc. lawyer, filed a lawsuit in Minnesota against co-defendants the Company, Phillip Frost, OPKO Heath, Inc. and Brian Keller for various allegations. On July 11, 2018, the United States Magistrate Judge issued a Report and Recommendation to the United States (US) District Court Judge, that Pederson’s complaint against the Company and co-defendants, be dismissed without prejudice, for lack of personal jurisdiction. On July 16, 2018, Pederson filed an objection to the Report and Recommendation and the Company filed a response to Pederson’s Objection on July 30, 2018. On September 13, 2018, the US District Court Judge granted the Company and co-defendant’s motion to dismiss Pederson’s amended complaint. Subsequent to September 30, 2018, Pederson has filed a notice of appeal with the US Court of Appeals for the Eight Circuit on October 11, 2018. Management believes that this complaint is without merit and will be dismissed without monetary damages.

On September 20, 2018, Anthony Pepe, individually and on behalf of a class, filed with the U.S. District Court for the District of New Jersey a complaint against the Company, certain current and former executive officers and directors of the Company and the other defendants named therein for violation of Section 10(b) of the Exchange Act and Rule 10b-5 promulgated thereunder. The class consists of the persons and entities who purchased the Company’s common stock during the period from September 23, 2013 through September 7, 2018. Pepe also alleges violation of other sections of the Exchange Act by the defendants named in the complaint other than the Company. Pepe seeks damages, pre-judgment and post-judgment interest, reasonable attorneys’ fees, expert fees and other costs. Management cannot assess the potential impact of this complaint as of the reporting date.

ITEM 1.A RISK FACTORS

None

ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

All recent sales of unregistered securities have been previously reported.

ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

None

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not Applicable

ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION

On September 1, 2018, the Company relocated its accounting and finance offices from 1860 Montreal Road, Tucker, Georgia to 4400 Biscayne Blvd., Miami, Florida. In connection with the relocation, the Company entered into a lease agreement with a limited liability company controlled by Dr. Phillip Frost, a director and a principal shareholder of the Company. The lease term is three years with an optional three-year extension. On an annualized basis, rent expense is approximately $47,000.

ITEM 6. EXHIBITS

The exhibits listed in the accompanying “Index to Exhibits” are filed or incorporated by reference as part of this Form 10-Q.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

EXHIBIT INDEX

** This exhibit is being furnished rather than filed and shall not be deemed incorporated by reference into any filing, in accordance with Item 601 of Regulation S-K.

Copies of this report (including the financial statements) and any of the exhibits referred to above will be furnished at no cost to our shareholders who make a written request to our Corporate Secretary at Cocrystal Pharma, Inc., 4400 Biscayne Blvd, Suite 101, Miami, FL 33137